What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to demonstrate the capabilities and fidelity of verified quantum computing jobs on IBM Quantum hardware.

June 21, 2026Open Access

Verified IBM Quantum Hardware Experiments: Bell State Entanglement, BB84 QKD, and Variational Quantum Circuits on ibmfez Heron R2 and ibmₜorino Eagle R1

Key Points

This research aims to demonstrate the capabilities and fidelity of verified quantum computing jobs on IBM Quantum hardware.
Executed eight quantum computing jobs on ibm_fez Heron R2 and ibm_torino Eagle R1.
Conducted entanglement fidelity assessment, BB84 QKD testing, and various quantum circuit experiments.
Applied statistical validation methods, including chi-squared tests and confidence intervals, throughout the analysis.
Achieved 96.3% fidelity in Bell state entanglement with a concurrence of 0.926.
BB84 QKD showed a significant drop in error rate from Alice (0.60%) to Bob (49.0%) with eavesdropping effects observed.
Demonstrated a 4-qubit variational quantum circuit with 97.1% Shannon entropy confirmation.

Abstract

Eight verified quantum computing jobs executed on IBM Quantum hardware (ibmfez Heron R2, 156 qubits; ibmₜorino Eagle R1, 133 qubits) between January 27 and March 15, 2026. User ID: IBMid-692001DJRD. Experiments include: 1. Bell State Entanglement — 96. 3% fidelity on ibmfez Heron R2 (Concurrence C = 0. 926, Tangle T = 0. 858, 1, 000 shots). Cross-platform benchmark: Heron R2 vs Eagle R1 (+8. 3 pp fidelity advantage, noise ratio 2. 43×). 2. Reproducibility Test — Two independent runs of identical circuit (χ² = 2. 70, p = 0. 44, df = 3). H₀ not rejected: statistically indistinguishable results at 95% confidence. 3. BB84 Quantum Key Distribution — Full Alice/Eve/Bob protocol implementation. Alice baseline error 0. 60% → Bob QBER 49. 0% under eavesdropping (82× degradation). Experimental demonstration of the quantum no-cloning theorem. Control group design isolates eavesdropper signal from hardware noise baseline. 4. Variational Quantum Circuit (VQC) — 2-qubit circuit, 10 trained parameters with tied weights (θ₃ = θ₄), 8 CZ gates in 4 entangling layers. 4-qubit ansatz: Shannon entropy 3. 885/4. 000 bits (97. 1%), ground-state bias confirmed (χ² = 300. 94, p ≈ 0). 5. Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) — 8-bit outputs, 10/10 unique values per shot (range 16–254). Total: 39, 010 quantum measurements across 8 jobs and 10 circuits. QPU time: 4. 8 seconds. Job completion rate: 100%. All results decoded from raw IBM SamplerV2 BitArray binary archives (zlib + base64 + NumPy. npy pipeline). No simulations. Statistical validation applied throughout (Wilson 95% CIs, chi-squared tests). Stack: Qiskit Runtime SamplerV2 · QPY · OpenQASM 2. 0 · Python · NumPy · SciPy Repository: https: //github. com/dinohatibovicWhitepaper: https: //dinohatibovic. github. io (Doc QAI-WP-2026-01-28-V4)

Verified IBM Quantum Hardware Experiments: Bell State Entanglement, BB84 QKD, and Variational Quantum Circuits on ibmfez Heron R2 and ibmₜorino Eagle R1

Key Points

Abstract

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