Abstract: This study investigated the production of bioethanol from selected agricultural residues rice husk, corn cob, and sugarcane bagasse with emphasis on yield performance and physicochemical characterization. The biomass samples (500 g each) were subjected to acid hydrolysis using 5% H₂SO₄ to break down lignocellulosic structures into fermentable sugars, followed by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanol was recovered through distillation, and all experiments were conducted in triplicate to ensure accuracy and reproducibility. The results showed that sugarcane bagasse produced the highest bioethanol yield (7.8% ± 0.26), followed by corn cob (6.8% ± 0.20), and rice husk (6.5% ± 0.20), indicating superior fermentable sugar availability in sugarcane bagasse. Proximate analysis revealed low moisture content across samples, with sugarcane bagasse exhibiting the lowest value (6.1%). Volatile matter was high in all feedstocks (88.3–92.8%), while ash content remained minimal, confirming their suitability for bioenergy conversion. Compositional analysis indicated cellulose contents ranging from 30–45%, hemicellulose from 18–32%, and lignin from 15–28%, highlighting their potential as lignocellulosic feedstocks.Physicochemical characterization of the produced bioethanol confirmed fuel quality suitability. Density ranged from 0.787 to 0.791 g/cm³, pH from 5.2 to 6.0, viscosity from 1.16 to 1.20 cP, and flash point from 12 to 14 °C. Calorific values increased from 26.8 to 28.5 kJ/g, while ethanol purity ranged from 85% to 94%, with sugarcane bagasse showing the highest quality parameters.Overall, the study demonstrates that agricultural residues, particularly sugarcane bagasse, are promising feedstocks for sustainable bioethanol production, offering a viable pathway for renewable energy development, waste valorization, and environmental sustainability.
Medinat* et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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