The rising presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients in aquatic ecosystems presents risks to both human and environmental health, highlighting the urgent need for effective removal strategies. This work explores the use of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3) for the adsorptive removal of anti-diabetic agent metformin and anti-ulcer agent lansoprazole from water. During the study, several adsorption properties were examined to determine their effects on adsorption performance. Under the best conditions tested, the maximum capacities reached 50.29 mg g− 1 (99% uptake) for metformin and 38.91 mg g− 1 (82% uptake) for lansoprazole. Experiments carried out with both agents together showed that the adsorption capacities of lansoprazole and metformin had a reduced in the binary systems compared with that obtained in the corresponding single system, indicating competition for the available adsorption sites on Bi2O3. Kinetic evaluations indicated that the pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for both agents. Isotherm results suggest multilayer adsorption behavior on relatively heterogeneous surfaces. Overall, this paper serves adsorptive properties of anti-diabetic agent metformin and anti-ulcer agent using an effective and novel adsorbent, both individually and in mixed systems.
Dedecan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.