What question did this study set out to answer?

The central aim is to calculate and validate energy metrics for astrophysical plasmas across various scales.

June 30, 2026Open Access

Energy Calculations in Astrophysical Plasmas: A Unified APCCE Framework from Black Holes to Solar Ejection — Empirical Validation Across 24 Orders of Magnitude

Key Points

The central aim is to calculate and validate energy metrics for astrophysical plasmas across various scales.
Utilized the APCCE framework for energy calculations spanning 24 orders of magnitude.
Validated findings against observational data from NASA missions and helioseismology.
Conducted 600 simulation runs across 12 solar system bodies and 5 sensitivity analyses.
M87* black hole magnetic energy was calculated at 1.6 × 10⁵⁴ J.
Solar CIV braking energy was estimated to be 1.8 × 10³⁵ J with a mass loss of ∼0.13%.
Jupiter's magnetic energy was found to be 1.3 × 10²⁵ J with induced current I = 5.0 × 10⁶ A.

Abstract

This paper presents comprehensive energy calculations for astrophysical plasmas across multiple scales, from supermassive black holes to solar ejection events, using the APCCE (Al-Mahaqari Plasmagnetic Critical Current Engine) framework. The calculations span 24 orders of magnitude in energy and are validated against observational data from NASA missions, ground-based observatories, and helioseismology. Key results include: M87* black hole magnetic energy 1.6 × 10⁵⁴ J, ratio EB/Eg = 0.006, FL/Fg = 1.35 × 10⁵⁸; Sgr A* black hole magnetic energy 7.0 × 10⁵¹ J, FL/Fg = 4.10 × 10⁴⁸; Quasar 3C 273 radiated power 1.8 × 10⁴⁶ W; Solar CIV braking energy 1.8 × 10³⁵ J, mass loss ∼0.13% solar mass; Jupiter magnetic energy 1.3 × 10²⁵ J, induced current I = 5.0 × 10⁶ A; Saturn magnetic energy 1.6 × 10²³ J, induced current I = 1.0 × 10⁵ A; Earth magnetic energy 1.0 × 10²⁰ J. All calculations show excellent agreement with observations, confirming the universality of the APCCE framework. The paper includes 600 simulation runs, 12 solar system bodies, 8 elements, and 5 sensitivity analyses. Testable predictions are provided for future missions.

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