Pharmacognostical Evaluation, High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Fingerprinting, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Profiling of Madhuka Taila

Abstract Background: Madhuka Taila is a classical Ayurvedic medicated oil used as Nasya (~nasal medication), known for its efficacy in managing hair disorders such as Palitya (~graying of hair) and Khalitya (~hair fall). Its therapeutic potential is attributed to the synergistic action of Bhringraj ( Eclipta alba L. Hassk.), Madhuyashti ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Tila Taila (Sesamum indicum), and cow’s milk. However, pharmacopeial quality standards for Madhuka Taila have not yet been established. Hence, a preliminary analytical evaluation is necessary to ensure its pharmaceutical quality and clinical acceptability. Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare Madhuka Taila using classical Ayurvedic procedures and evaluate its physicochemical parameters, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for quality standardization. Materials and Methods: Madhuka Taila was prepared in the institutional pharmacy by following the classical Taila Paka method . Raw drugs were locally sourced and authenticated by the regional raw drug repository department. Physicochemical parameters, HPTLC, and FTIR analysis were performed at the quality control laboratory under the department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana . Results: The prepared Madhuka Taila was clear, yellowish in color, with a characteristic odor and unctuous texture. Physicochemical analysis confirmed the absence of rancidity, while HPTLC revealed distinct bands across multiple wavelengths, indicating diverse phytoconstituents. FTIR spectra showed characteristic peaks corresponding to alcohols, esters, and unsaturated hydrocarbons, confirming phytochemical integration into the lipid medium. Conclusion: Madhuka Taila was successfully prepared by adhering to classical procedures and demonstrated enriched phytoconstituents. In the absence of established standards for this formulation in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, an attempt was made to evaluate it through modern analytical techniques.