As one of the main human sources of global microplastics, tire wear particles (TWPs) are increasingly recognized for their environmental accumulation and ecological risks. Traditional toxicity assessment methods have limitations in the complex mixture effect of capturing TWPs, the aging transformation process and chronic sublethal toxicity. In this review, we systematically summarizes the experimental research methods of TWPs toxicity evaluation, covering various model organisms, exposure scenario design and acute/chronic/molecular endpoints, as well as computational toxicology tools such as QSAR, q-RASAR, AI and systemic toxicology.Our analysis highlights the current challenges in data standardization, environmental authenticity simulation and model interpretability. Future research should develop a "dry and wet closed-loop" framework. The framework must integrate multi-group and high-throughfot experiments. It should also contain explainable artificial intelligence. These integrations will improve the accuracy and efficiency of the ecological risk assessment of tire wear particles.
Xiao et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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