Systematic Review on the Current Situation and Development of Local Antimicrobial Agents in Revision Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI)

Total joint arthroplasty is a common surgery to treat degenerative joint disease, and it significantly improves the lives of people suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is very essential to know that the fact that the level of joint replacement surgery is discouraged by complications, therefore making the periprosthetic infection (PJI) to become a critical issue. As such PJI is full of significant negative results in a current pain, implant failure, and also as a systemic infection. Basically, the complex origin of PJI is usually involved in the formation of biofilms (protective communities of bacteria) which become resistant to the standard treatments. This capability to resist is able to highlight the urgency to look more into new strategies so as to particularly disrupt and to be able to prevent biofilm formation. In addition to that Topical antimicrobials that generally range from intraarticular antibiotic infusions and antibiotic-filled spacers, have therefore become the focus of this effort. In addition to this, the drugs are able to target the infection site directly, that probably leads to the minimization of systemic exposure and therefore increasing effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, the knowledge of this challenges, this specific systematic review tends to aim so as to assess the current state and as well as advancements in local antimicrobial agents for the management of PJI. Moreover, by involving mechanisms, consideration of safety, in addition to its effectiveness, the review is able to give out insights that may shape more effective clinical approaches so as to fight Periprosthetic Joint Infection.