These findings provide robust evidence for the validity and reliability of the CDHS and CAS in assessing hope and adaptability among Chinese EFL students. These findings offer insights for developing targeted psychological interventions to support EFL learners navigating the cognitive and emotional challenges of language acquisition.
Andy S. K. Cheng (Tue,) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: