An Overview: Formulation and Product Development of Nasal Spray

Intranasal drug delivery is a promising route for the administration of drugs intended for local, systemic, as well as central nervous system (CNS) delivery. The nasal spray dosage form offers several advantages such as cost-effectiveness, ease of use and portability, self-administration, rapid onset of action, and high patient compliance, making it an attractive option for nasal drug delivery. The nasal cavity provides a large surface area, rich vasculature, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism, which further enhances drug absorption. This review article provides an overview of the key aspects of nasal anatomy, physiology, and histology, along with the biological, physicochemical, and pharmaceutical factors that must be considered during the formulation and product development of nasal spray dosage forms.