In Situ Evaluation of Virtual Reality Simulation Usability and Learning in Nursing

Background: Virtual reality is increasingly applied in nursing education to enhance student readiness for patient care. This study evaluated the effects of a virtual reality patient simulation (VRPS) on nursing students' knowledge and preparedness for maternal care communication. Method: A mixed-methods design was used with 107 prelicensure Bachelor of Science in Nursing students in fall 2024. Participants completed a maternal health scenario via Oculus Quest headsets, along with pre/post knowledge tests, surveys, and reflections. Results: Students reported high usability, intuitive navigation, and meaningful engagement, though challenges with hand controls and visual clarity were noted. Knowledge scores improved significantly ( p < .001), with decreased anxiety and increased confidence, competence, and preparedness. Students endorsed VRPS as a supplemental tool, especially before clinical placements and laboratory experiences. Conclusion: VRPS shows strong potential to bridge knowledge-practice gaps, supporting cognitive and affective outcomes. Future integration of artificial intelligence voice recognition may further enhance immersion.