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This evaluation examines the environmental effects of the 2013 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, focusing on Greening measures.

March 1, 2026

Evaluation of the Common Agricultural Policy from an environmental perspective: greening had little effect

Key Points

This evaluation examines the environmental effects of the 2013 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, focusing on Greening measures.
Assessment of changes in fallow land and crop diversification requirements after CAP reform
Analysis of ecological focus area regulations
Comparison of arable land requirements before and after Greening
Fallow land increased but remained below early 2000 levels
81% of arable land met crop diversification requirements prior to Greening
Conditionality for set-aside could have significantly increased fallow land area

Abstract

• The 2013 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) had a positive but only minor environmental impact due to Greening • The proportion of fallow land increased as a result of the ecological focus area regulation, but remained well below the levels seen at the turn of the millennium • The requirements for crop diversification were relatively low: 81% of arable land would have already met the requirements before they were introduced • After Greening: The implementation of the original conditionality for set-aside (GAEC 8) could have almost doubled the proportion of arable land under fallow

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