What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to assess levels of toxic leadership among nurses outside the U.S. and identify contributing factors.

April 5, 2026JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration0 citationsOpen Access

The Levels, Prevalence, and Related Factors of Toxic Leadership Among Nurses Outside the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

LPLiping PanChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine JSJingxian ShangChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine KXKexin XueApple (Israel)

Key Points

The research aims to assess levels of toxic leadership among nurses outside the U.S. and identify contributing factors.
Conducted a systematic review of literature on toxic leadership levels in nursing outside the U.S.
Performed a meta-analysis on prevalence rates of toxic leadership among nurses.
Analyzed individual and organizational factors impacting perceptions of toxic leadership.
Moderate levels of toxic leadership identified among nurses in various countries.
Approximately one-third of nurses reported high levels of toxic leadership exposure.
Individual factors like personal experiences and organizational factors significantly influence these perceptions.

Abstract

Nurses outside the United States experience moderate toxic leadership levels, with nearly 1/3 exposed to high levels. Both individual and organizational factors contribute to these perceptions, underscoring the need for leadership training and system-level interventions to improve nurse well-being and care quality.

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