On the development of theoretical approaches to the analysis of clusters as network spatial-economic entities

Aim. This study aims to develop theoretical provisions for analyzing clusters as networked spatial-economic systems. Objectives. The research identifies the key features of clusters as systems, explores the relationships between participants, and determines the role of clusters in regional development. Methods. Using a systems approach and literature analysis, the study identifies the key features of clusters and examines the interactions among participants. It also assesses the impact of the external environment and evaluates the role of clusters in fostering regional development. Results. The findings show that clusters function as dynamic networks of interconnected organizations that provide competitive advantages and innovative development at different levels. Clusters have the characteristics of systems (integrity, structuredness, connectivity, emergentness, etc.), which allows them to adapt to changes in the economic environment. Based on the analysis results, an expanded theoretical interpretation of clusters and related research categories was given. Conclusions. Clusters represent dynamic network systems that promote innovative development and the creation of competitive advantages through the integration and interaction of participants. The adaptive characteristics of clusters allow them to respond effectively to changes in the economic environment. In order to implement the potential of clusters, it is necessary to understand further theoretically their role in spatial and economic development, as well as use more actively the cluster approach in state and regional economic policy, taking into account the transition to a digital economy.