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Abstract This paper gives an overview of e‐government development in Estonia. The analysis incorporates both public sector initiatives and private sector developments which have contributed to the evolution of e‐government. Private sector agents are seen as endogenous, not exogenous, in explaining e‐government performance. Ultimately, the development of Internet banking by the private sector was fundamental in enabling the government to launch interactive online services. The findings reveal that the implementation of Estonian e‐government is considerably more heterogeneous than previous studies have indicated. Basic service delivery and platforms for participation vary significantly across functional areas. Some ministries have provided innovative online services for the last ten years while others still struggle in making basic information available online. The availability of innovative platforms for online political participation has delivered remarkable outcomes in the last elections, while they have consistently failed to engage the public in the legislative process.
Meelis Kitsing (Tue,) studied this question.