Universal Energy Theory: A Physical Framework Based on Energy Monism

This work proposes a theoretical framework in which energy is the sole physical entity in the universe. Material particles are modeled as self-sustaining closed-loop flow structures of energy, while photons are described as open energy pulses composed of internally spiraling filaments—an "energy rope." Electric charge is reinterpreted as the port orientation of closed-loop flows, time as the intrinsic rhythm of energy circulation, and gravity as motion along energy density gradients rather than spacetime curvature. The double-slit interference pattern is explained not by wave-particle duality but by the physical splitting, spiral entanglement, and recombination of energy filaments. Dark matter is identified as diffuse energy that has not yet formed closed-loop structures. The framework is supported by classical particle simulations that reproduce standard interference fringes and reveal a novel prediction: high orbital angular momentum photons should exhibit a centrifugal shift in their interference peaks. A set of testable predictions is proposed, along with a candid acknowledgment of open mathematical challenges. This work does not claim to overturn established theories; it aims to provide a self-consistent, monistic physical picture that may inspire further theoretical and experimental investigation.