Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are solar cells with the light-absorbing layers made of perovskite materials. Perovskite materials are a class of materials that possess a distinct crystal structure that resembles that of mineral perovskite. PSCs have received significant attention in recent years due to their remarkable power conversion efficiency, uncomplicated manufacturing process, cost-effectiveness, and potential for large-scale production. However, PSCs face challenges, particularly in terms of stability and durability. Perovskite materials are known for their sensitivity to moisture and oxygen. This can lead to reduction in their performance over time. Researchers are actively engaged in enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells via various approaches, including interface manipulation and the incorporation of stabilizing agents. Endeavors are underway to surmount obstacles such as trap-assisted nonradiative recombination and inadequate ambient stability. Through further progress in formulation, composition, and interfacial optimization, PSCs hold promise in nearing their theoretical efficiency threshold of 31% and emerging as a feasible candidate for commercial and industrial applications. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells have been steadily increasing over the years while the stability has not advanced much. Currently, the PCE and stability of single-junction perovskite solar cells have reached 27.0% and 10,000 h, respectively. Perovskite Tandem and Hybrid Tandem solar cells have achieved higher efficiencies of 30.1% and 36.1%, respectively. Efforts are still ongoing to explore different approaches to further increase the efficiency, improve stability under real working conditions, and employ lead-free perovskite materials.
Anthony Chibuike Ohajianya (Thu,) studied this question.