ST-elevation myocardial infarction and air pollution: relationship between hourly air pollution and cardiovascular risk factors

Objective Air pollution contributes to cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, inflammation, autonomic nervous system imbalance, and direct particle translocation. This study examines the relationship between air pollution parameters and risk factors in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods This prospective, cross-sectional study included STEMI patients aged at least 18 years in a tertiary hospital. Demographics, comorbidities, seasonal variations, comorbidities, vital signs, hourly air pollution and weather parameters on admission, hospital length of stay, treatment modalities, and outcomes were recorded. Results Among 1413 patients, 75.1% were men. The median age of female patients 65 (IQR: 58–73) was significantly higher that of than males 55 (IQR: 50–66), P 75 years [20.5 (IQR: 13–29) than in younger patients 18 (IQR: 11–27), P = 0.022. Those recommended for coronary artery bypass grafting had lower sulfur dioxide levels 6 (IQR: 4–9) vs. 8 (IQR: 5–13), P = 0.003. Conclusion When AQI and PM 2.5 levels exceed EPA limits, they may interact with cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities, contributing to the development of STEMI. Elderly individuals, women, and those with a history of cardiovascular disease may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution.