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This paper aims to share the design experience, workflow, and methodology for the monopile foundation design supporting large offshore wind turbines in seismically active regions in East Asia. The methodology consists of seismic assessment, selection of earthquake motions and site response analysis, wave, wind, seismic and fatigue loads derivation/combinations, structural checks (serviceability limit states (SLS), ultimate limit states (ULS), fatigue limit states (FLS) and accidental limit states (ALS)), natural frequency check and foundation geometry optimization. A coupled soil-structure interaction simulation is undertaken using the finite element computer program and utilizing the automated design and optimization software developedspecifically for monopile foundation design. The derivation of soil springs for monopile analysis are explained. A monopile design case study in highly seismic regions is discussed, where the substructure (monopile (MP) and transition piece (TP)) dimensions/weight required to support three typical high rating offshore wind turbines (10MW, 12MW, and 15MW) are evaluated.
Yin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.