Application of generative adversarial networks in image, face reconstruction and medical imaging: challenges and the current progress

In deep learning, GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) are one of the prominent study areas due to their ability to generate synthetic data thereby solving the problem of the unavailability and the limited data sets. GAN is a framework of deep neural networks that can learn from a set of training data and generate new data with similar characteristics as the training data. In this review, the history of GAN, various types of GANs, objective functions, loss functions, and performance analysis done for GANs in various fields are also analysed. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the application of GANs in face restoration, and medical imaging including their evaluation metrics and data sets used. A deep review has been carried out on various types of GANs, their architecture, objective functions, and applications. This review focuses more on the medical applications using various types of GANs including image augmentation, disease detection, medical image enhancement, face restoration, detection, etc. The challenges, current progress, and future applications using various GANs are also discussed. This review clearly shows that the application of GANs has increased considerably and thus it proves a promising future in the field of deep learning.