Background: The maritime industry is experiencing a dual transformation driven by decarbonization imperatives and Industry 4.0 digitalization. Green Digital Shipping Corridors (GDSCs) is one of the initiatives that integrate zero-emission technologies to achieve shipping decarbonization. GDSCs utilize advanced digital systems and cross-sector collaboration to enable sustainable, efficient, and resilient green maritime transport. While technological architectures for GDSCs are well studied, the operational readiness of human actors—particularly seafarers and shore-based personnel—remains underexplored. Methods: This study adopts a layered, iterative methodology combining a systematic literature review, industry reports, and expert interviews. Strategic analyses were conducted using McKinsey’s 12 Elements of a Dynamic Operating Model and an upgraded Technology Readiness Level–Human Readiness Level (TRL–HRL) matrix. A five-layer Industry 4.0 architecture tailored to GDSCs was developed, alongside a comparative analysis of traditional and Industry 4.0-enabled maritime systems. A competency mapping framework was designed, aligned with STCW standards, and linked to a KPI-based evaluation and phased implementation roadmap. Results: The findings reveal significant gaps between technology maturity and human readiness, particularly in AI explainability, cognitive load compatibility, and multi-agent coordination. The proposed framework bridges traditional maritime skills with AI-enabled operations, emphasizing human–technology synergy, cybersecurity, sustainability competence, and adaptive training. Conclusion: Aligning technological deployment with structured human-factor readiness strategies is essential to realize the full potential of GDSCs. The integration of competency-based training, human-on-the-loop decision protocols, and continuous feedback mechanisms mitigates operational risks, enhances safety, and accelerates sustainable shipping transformation. The proposed model provides a replicable pathway for policymakers, training institutions, and shipping companies to implement AI-augmented GDSCs effectively.
Emad et al. (Thu,) studied this question.