Green ports represent a critical evolution in maritime logistics, transforming traditional seaports into environmentally conscious hubs that balance operational efficiency with sustainability. This study investigates the complex barriers hindering green port implementation using a hybrid neutrosophic-fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. Ten experts from port management, operations, and environmental fields gave their opinions. The study used a special neutrosophic fuzzy scale to measure unclear and uncertain expert views on 15 barriers. Results show that financial availability (FA) and high initial cost (HIC) are the biggest problems. FA scored a truth value of 0.94 and falsity of 0.06, making it the top concern. Regulatory complexity (RC) also matters, but has more uncertainty. Technical problems like lack of capacity (LTC) and technology readiness barriers (TRB) have mixed effects depending on context. Driving-dependence analysis puts FA, HIC, and RC as the main drivers, while LTC acts as a linkage barrier. Monte Carlo sensitivity tests prove the model is stable, confirming financial and regulatory barriers as priorities. This framework helps port leaders understand how barriers relate and where to invest. It supports closing the gap between green port goals and real implementation, aiming for ports that support both the economy and the environment. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cite this article: Duc, N. M., & Nguyen, L. H. (2026). Ranking barriers to green port development: A neutrosophic-fuzzy ISM approach. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(1), 281958. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.281958 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Highlights Neutrosophic–fuzzy modeling maps green port barriers with precision. Finance, cost, and regulation consistently drive system outcomes. Technical capacity links drivers to performance, amplifying impacts. Monte Carlo sensitivity confirms stable rankings and insights. Clear actions: unlock financing, streamline permits, upskill teams.
Duc et al. (2025) studied this question.