Both BP-to-RR and RR-to-BP transfer entropy were significantly lower in controlled- and uncontrolled-hypertension compared to normotensive individuals (p < 0.03).
Transfer entropy reveals that hypertension disrupts the bidirectional information flow between blood pressure and heartbeat, which correlates with arterial stiffness and walking performance in older adults.
Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%
ABSTRACT The bidirectional non‐linear communication between blood pressure (BP) and heartbeat is critical to cardiovascular homeostasis, which remains poorly understood, especially under hypertensive conditions. We implemented transfer entropy (TE), an information‐theoretic measure of directional coupling, to characterize such bidirectional coupling between BP and heartbeat and its relationships to arterial stiffness and walking performance in older adults. A total of 493 older adults (201 normotensive (NTN), 168 controlled‐hypertensive (controlled‐HTN), and 124 uncontrolled‐HTN) completed simultaneous recordings of resting‐state beat‐to‐beat BP and R‐R interval for ≥ 10 min. The TE from BP to RR (i.e., BP‐RR) and from RR to BP (RR‐BP) was quantified. Participants then completed the assessments of arterial stiffness (i.e., brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, baPWV) and walking speed in single‐ and dual‐task conditions. The validation using surrogate data confirmed the physiological significance of TE ( p < 0.0001). Both BP‐RR and RR‐BP TE were significantly lower in controlled‐ and uncontrolled‐HTN compared to NTN ( p < 0.03). In NTN and control‐HTN, higher BP‐RR and/or RR‐BP TEs were associated with slower walking speed ( β = −0.25 to −0.16, p < 0.04). Higher BP‐RR TE was associated with lower baPWV ( β = −0.17 to −0.16, p < 0.04), while higher RR‐BP TE was associated with greater baPWV ( β = 0.17–0.21, p < 0.03). No such significant associations were observed within uncontrolled‐HTN. The observations suggested that TE captures hypertension‐related disruption of bidirectional BP‐heartbeat information flow, reflecting impaired baroreflex feedback, exaggerated feedforward cardiac influence, and dampening with anti‐hypertensive therapy. The distinct associations with vascular stiffness and walking performance suggest TE as a promising marker of cardiovascular integrity and functional reserve in aging.
Jiang et al. (Fri,) reported a other. Both BP-to-RR and RR-to-BP transfer entropy were significantly lower in controlled- and uncontrolled-hypertension compared to normotensive individuals (p < 0.03).
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