Abstract This study investigates the factors shaping residents’ support for the sustainable development of World Heritage Sites (WHS), focusing on Quanzhou, China. It explores how five dimensions of residents’ perceptions—cultural identity, economic impact, infrastructure and services, heritage preservation, and education and awareness—influence their attitudes towards WHS conservation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse the survey data. The results indicate that education and awareness have the strongest positive influence on residents’ support for heritage conservation (path coefficient = 0.646), followed by cultural identity and perceived economic benefits. In contrast, inadequate infrastructure significantly contributes to negative perceptions (path coefficient = –0.403), underscoring the importance of improved site management. The findings offer practical guidance for policy-makers and heritage managers, emphasising the critical role of public education and infrastructure investment in fostering community engagement. This study contributes to the broader understanding of heritage governance by linking residents’ perceptions to conservation outcomes and aligns them with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), highlighting the intersection of sustainable tourism, economic development, and cultural preservation.
Wu et al. (Tue,) studied this question.