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This research aims to explore the effects of Euphorbia bicolor xylene extract on breast cancer cell viability and the underlying mechanisms.

January 22, 2026International Journal of Molecular Sciences1 citationsOpen Access

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Euphorbia bicolor Xylene Extract Induces Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Pathways in MDA-MB-231 and T47D Cells

MRMafia Mahabub Rumpa NNNguyen Linh Ngo CMCamelia Maier

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This research aims to explore the effects of Euphorbia bicolor xylene extract on breast cancer cell viability and the underlying mechanisms.
Evaluated antiproliferative activities in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells
Assessed apoptosis through calcium influx and reactive oxygen species generation
Used specific inhibitors like capsazepine and NAC to test pathways
Monitored protein expression related to apoptotic pathways
E. bicolor xylene extract reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner
Induced intracellular calcium overload and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells
Generated 10-fold higher ROS in T47D cells compared to MDA-MB-231
Activated various apoptotic pathways as shown by caspase activation
Downregulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in both cell lines

Abstract

Breast cancer is a significant cause of death worldwide. Recent research has focused on identifying natural compounds for developing effective cancer treatments. Resiniferatoxin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist, is a common diterpene in Euphorbia bicolor Engelm. increased expression of FAS, XBP1s, and CHOP; upregulation of BAX; and downregulation of BCL-2. In addition, PI3K, AKT, and pAKT protein expressions were also reduced in both cell lines, indicating downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Phytochemicals in E. bicolor xylene extract could become promising ingredients for developing breast cancer therapeutics.

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Euphorbia bicolor Xylene Extract Induces Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Pathways in MDA-MB-231 and T47D Cells

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