This study aims to develop and validate Research-Based Learning (RBL) instructional materials integrated with the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) framework that are valid, practical, and effective in enhancing undergraduate students’ computational thinking skills. The instructional materials address the optimization of zakat distribution through blockchain technology, grounded in the concept of local distance irregular labeling. This research adopted a Research and Development (R practicality, based on implementation observations and student responses; and effectiveness, demonstrated by a statistically significant improvement in students’ computational thinking skills following the implementation of the learning intervention. The integration of Islamic philanthropy (zakat) with emerging technologies and graph-theoretical concepts within these instructional materials provides meaningful learning experiences while strengthening students’ capacity to solve complex problems in the digital era.
Jamil et al. (Wed,) studied this question.