Women with AMI were older, had more comorbidities, delayed hospital arrival by 55 min, received less PCI (65.1% vs 78.3%), and faced greater socioeconomic disadvantages than men.
Do women with acute myocardial infarction differ from men in clinical, risk factor, and socioeconomic baseline characteristics?
Women with acute myocardial infarction present with a higher burden of comorbidities, delayed hospital presentation, lower rates of invasive management, and greater socioeconomic disparities compared to men.
Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%
Abstract Background Women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive less guideline-recommended care than men for acute care and secondary prevention. Purpose To describe baseline differences between men and women in the GENAMI Prevention Study, in terms of clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and socioeconomic variables. Methods Prospective cohort study including hospitalized patients with Type 1 AMI and obstructive coronary artery disease matched 1:1 by age (±2 years) and initial ECG presentation (STEMI/NSTEMI) with 1-year follow up. Baseline demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics were collected at enrollment. Results Final enrollment consisted of 510 patients (277 women, 233 men). Baseline data revealed significant sex- and gender-based differences (all comparisons women vs men): - Clinical characteristics: Mean age: 67.2±10.5 vs. 65.1±10.3 years, p0.01; hypertension (78.5% vs. 67.2%, p0.001), diabetes (36.8% vs. 29.1%, p=0.02), and previous stroke (9.3% vs. 5.1%, p=0.01). History of smoking (23.6% vs. 49.8%, p0.001) or alcohol consumption (12.4% vs. 38.7%, p0.001). Metabolic syndrome (43.2% vs. 35.5%, p=0.04). - Presentation and acute management: Median delay from symptom onset to hospital arrival (235 vs. 180 minutes, p0.001); Coronary angiography during hospitalization (97.4% vs. 98.9%, p=0.31) or percutaneous coronary intervention (65.1% vs. 78.3%, p0.001). There were no differences in referral to rehabilitation programs (56.8% vs. 58.1%, p=0.77). - Social and economic factors: Educational attainment: 35.4% vs. 17.2% did not complete primary school (p0.001). Median household income per year: €18,400 vs. €25,700, p0.001. Primary caregivers for dependent individuals (42.8% vs. 14.3%, p0.001). Reporting a heavy burden of household responsibilities (61.5% vs. 25.9%, p0.001). Living alone (29.6% vs. 18.1%, p=0.003). Lacking social support (28.1% vs. 14.9%, p0.001). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores for anxiety (7.3±3.9 vs. 5.1±3.4, p0.001) and depression (6.1±3.7 vs. 4.8±3.2, p=0.002). Conclusions Women and men with AMI show significant baseline differences, not only in clinical and cardiovascular risk factors but also in social determinants of health. Women presented with a higher burden of comorbidities, delayed hospital presentation, and lower rates of invasive management. Moreover, substantial socioeconomic disparities—including lower education, lower income, heavier caregiving responsibilities, and reduced social support—may influence long-term adherence to secondary prevention strategies and cardiovascular outcomes.
Vicent et al. (Sat,) reported a other. Women with AMI were older, had more comorbidities, delayed hospital arrival by 55 min, received less PCI (65.1% vs 78.3%), and faced greater socioeconomic disadvantages than men.