The net-metering in Palestine bounds the capacity to recuperate numerous expenses which causes financial inequalities. Distribution companies (Discos) started to impose constrains to slow down the deployment of residential PV systems. This research proposes installing battery energy storage (BESS) to reduce the excess energy injected to electrical grid by storing surplus PV generation for later consumption. Thus, dropping grid export capacities and lessening network strain. Furthermore, the research assumes five wholesale price scenarios to observe their influence on optimum PV system and BESS capacity and financial results with a fixed purchasing retail price. Performance indicators including net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI), self-consumption ratio (SCR), self-sufficiency ratio (SSR), and generation-to-consumption ratio (GCR) were calculated to capture both technical and economic performance. Results show that higher wholesale prices reduce optimal PV sizing and increase grid dependence, whereas lower wholesale prices encourage larger PV systems but may increase grid management challenges. Scenarios with high SSR often correspond to lower SCR, highlighting the trade-off between energy autonomy and PV utilization efficiency. The sensitivity investigation in solar system cost, presented that optimal PV sizing is only temperately affected in low-export scenarios but remains unaffected under policy constrained cases. Though SCR and SSR were mainly steady, PI was extremely subtle to solar system in scenario 1 yet persisted negative in scenarios 2–5. The BESS capacity was unaffected, representing that storage sizing is affected more on tariff constructions and export restraints than on solar system.
Yasin et al. (Fri,) studied this question.