We extend the five-dimensional hydrodynamic spacetime framework to address the nature of dark matter and the evolution of physical constants. Building on the layer-dependent light speed c(w) = (w/w₀)c₀ derived in Paper I, we demonstrate that electromagnetic interactions are confined to each w-layer while gravity couples universally across all layers.We propose a new interpretation of dark matter based on continuous distri- bution in the w-direction combined with an early universe “freezing” mechanism.Matter exists not in discrete w-layers but as a continuous distribution, with particle mass determining the w-coordinate through w = ℏ/(2mc). Heavier particles occupy smaller w values, lighter particles occupy larger w values, with the electron serving as the reference point w₀ = ℏ/(2mec). Particles outside the electromagnetic obser- vation window ∆w = ℏ/(mc) are gravitationally interacting but electromagnetically invisible—this is dark matter.We show that w0 decreases over cosmic time due to gravitational effects, predict- ing observable evolution in the fine structure constant α(z) consistent with recent observations. We also present hypotheses for integrating this framework with parti- cle physics, including geometric interpretations of the Higgs mechanism, generation structure, and quark confinement. These remain speculative but offer testable pre-dictions for future research.
Shota Kisida (Tue,) studied this question.