The issue of high geothermal temperatures in deep underground engineering has become increasingly prominent, posing severe threats to safe construction, operation, and maintenance. Employing a bibliometric approach, this study first analyzes the definition, causes, and disaster‐affected objects of high geothermal temperatures. Subsequently, it summarizes the existing cooling protection countermeasures and construction technologies for deep underground engineering under high geothermal conditions. Finally, two emerging technologies are introduced. The results show that high geothermal temperatures are mainly caused by thermal anomalies in the deep crust, and there is currently no highly unified definition. 28°C is one of the threshold values for defining high geothermal temperatures. The WBGT index is one of the commonly used indicators for evaluating the intensity of the thermal environment. The disaster‐affected objects in high geothermal tunnels mainly include workers, machinery, materials, surrounding rock, and lining structures. Common cooling protection measures in high‐geothermal underground engineering mainly include ventilation cooling, ice cooling, spray cooling, grouting plugging, and thermal insulation cooling technologies. However, the cooling effect of any single measure is limited. It is, therefore, necessary to implement combined cooling measures based on the actual conditions of the tunnel—whether of the dry‐heat or hydrothermal type—while comprehensively considering factors such as the causes of high temperature and construction requirements. In the case of hydrothermal‐type tunnels, grouting plugging technology should also be adopted to address high‐temperature water inrush and gushing. During the construction of high‐geothermal tunnels, multiple exploration methods should be combined in phases to identify the location, scale, and approximate temperature of thermal anomaly zones, thereby achieving accurate prediction of the ground temperature and water pressure. Novel concrete materials exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties and can be used in high‐temperature environments. However, their long‐term service performance and strength require further verification. From the perspective of emergency early warning–preparedness–response–recovery, an emergency capability assessment index system for high ground temperature tunnels has been established. It is further pointed out that the construction of high‐geothermal tunnels needs emerging technologies such as fiber optic monitoring and digital twin technology. These new technologies can effectively monitor the evolution law of the ground temperature field and the effect of heat insulation and cooling, accelerate the digitalization, and intelligentization process of high ground temperature tunnel construction, and further improve the level of safe construction. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the construction of high ground temperature tunnels.
Chen et al. (Thu,) studied this question.