The reconstruction of galaxy peculiar velocity fields is crucial for probing large-scale structure and testing cosmological models. This work introduces NS‑VGR, a non‑linear saturated velocity–gravity relation that applies different corrections in overdense clusters and underdense voids. Using the CosmicFlows‑4 catalog of 9, 355 galaxies, NS‑VGR achieves a 55% improvement in correlation between predicted and observed peculiar velocities over standard linear theory while retaining fast O (N N) performance on 128³ grids.
Anurag Shirish Chavan (Mon,) studied this question.