What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to assess the impact of abattoir effluents on groundwater quality in two locations in Nigeria.

February 19, 2026Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A0 citations

Abattoir effluents crisis: groundwater pollution reality and adverse environmental impact in Umuahia South and Aba South, Nigeria

OOOluwaseun Princess OkimijiLagos State University AOAngela Tochukwu OkaforMichael Okpara University of Agriculture TAT. AtoroLagos State University

Key Points

The research aims to assess the impact of abattoir effluents on groundwater quality in two locations in Nigeria.
Collected 27 groundwater samples upstream, midstream, and downstream over six months.
Analyzed parameters including pH, Cl-, TSS, TDS, NH4N, NO3-, EC, PO4, and SO4 using standard techniques and SPSS.
Statistical analysis to compare mean values and significant differences between locations.
Mean values exceeded WHO limits for several parameters, including pH, Cl-, TSS, TDS, NH4N, and PO4 in both locations.
Significant differences in Cl-, TSS, TDS, NH4N, NO3-, EC, and SO4 across the studied areas were found with a p-value <0.05.
Positive associations identified between pH and other contaminants, indicating interconnected pollution issues.

Abstract

The study examined how abattoir effluent discharge affects groundwater quality and the environment in Umuahia South and Aba South, Nigeria. Twenty-seven groundwater samples were taken upstream, midstream, and downstream for duration of six months. Standard techniques and influential statistics in SPSS were used to analyze parameters (pH, Cl-, TSS, TDS, NH4N, NO3-, EC, PO4, and SO42-). Hence, in Umuahia South, mean values of pH (9.72 ± 0.08), Cl- (279.06 ± 76.63 to 329.58 ± 77.39), TSS (915.84 ± 12.13 to 1178.33 ± 85.70), TDS (604.62 ± 46.16 to 707.46 ± 17.21), NH4N (13.75 ± 1.07 to 16.93 ± 1.38), and PO4 (33.55 ± 1.06 to 36.47 ± 0.66) exceeded WHO limits. While in Aba South, mean values of pH (9.44 ± 0.05), Cl- (345.43 ± 76.75 to 495.96 ± 9.60), TSS (1488.28 ± 36.65 to 1673.26 ± 83.00), TDS (766.89 ± 39.40 to 981.66 ± 50.89), NH4N (11.72 ± 0.55 to 13.63 ± 0.54), PO4 (27.64 ± 4.08 to 39.14 ± 1.18) were above recommended standard. There was a significant difference between Cl-, TSS, TDS, NH4N, NO3-, EC, and SO42 at P-value 4N, PO4, Cl-), Cl- (EC, PO4), TSS (NH4N, NO3-), TDS and NH4N (EC, PO4, Cl-), and NO3- and EC (PO4 pH (TDS, NO3-), Cl- (EC, PO4), TSS (SO42), TDS, NH4N (NO3-), and NO3- (PO4) in Umuahia South and Aba South. Finally, abattoir water should be sanitized before use. Therefore, the state environmental protection agency should actively supervise slaughterhouses and assure health and safety compliance.

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