Stratigraphic Differences in River Levees Effects on Sand Boil Dynamics and Levee Failure

Key Points

• The aim is to understand how the subsurface structure of river levees affects sand boil dynamics and the risk of piping failure.
• Analysis of levee stratigraphy and its impact on sand boil formation.
• Investigation of the distance from boundary structures to sand boil emergence.
• Comparison of damage patterns in levees and foundations based on different impermeable layer placements.
• Sand boil emergence is dependent on the distance to the boundary structure.
• Sand boils that develop quickly into piping failure and those that progress slowly are identified as having different risk levels.
• Variations in impermeable layer positions lead to significantly different damage patterns in levees and foundations.