What does this research mean for the field?

Ruthenium (III) catalyzes the degradation of chloramphenicol by peroxymonosulfate in basic medium, with oxidant activation identified as the dominant control element in the reaction. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of chloramphenicol degradation using ruthenium catalysis with peroxymonosulfate in basic medium.

February 26, 2026Indian Journal of Science and Technology0 citationsOpen Access

Ruthenium (III)-Catalyzed Chloramphenicol’s Degradation by Peroxymonosulfate in Basic Medium: A Kinetic and Computational Investigation

AMAnita MeenaJai Narain Vyas University DKDilip KumarQueensland Health

Key Points

This research aims to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of chloramphenicol degradation using ruthenium catalysis with peroxymonosulfate in basic medium.
Conducted experiments in basic solutions with variations in kinetic and thermodynamic variables.
Applied titrimetric analysis to measure unreacted oxidant in the reaction mixture.
Used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze chloramphenicol and peroxymonosulfate.
Kinetic study identified oxidant activation as the dominant control in the oxidation process.
Observations showed a first-order reaction with respect to PMS and Ru(III).
A weak dependence on chloramphenicol was noted, indicating that oxidant activation limits the turnover rate.
Determined activation parameters and thermodynamic functions for the rate-determining step.

Abstract

Objectives: This study presents Ruthenium catalysed degradation of Chloramphenicol by peroxymonosulphate (PMS) in basic medium. Method: This study tests a range of results in basic solutions. Experiments were conducted with varying kinetic and thermodynamic variables. To investigate the oxidation of chloramphenicol we applied the common titrimetric analysis. The rate of oxidation of chloramphenicol was evaluated by using titrimetric analysis in which the amount of oxidant remaining unreacted in reaction mixture were measured at regular time intervals using iodometric method. To calculate and co-relate the results, the DFT parameters are used. Findings: This work introduces a mechanistically resolved kinetic framework for the Ru (III)-catalysed oxidation of chloramphenicol by peroxymonosulphate in alkaline solution. Unlike many substrate-focused oxidation studies, the kinetic signatures here identify oxidant activation as the dominant control element. The rate is first order in PMS and Ruthenium (III) with a finite intercept, cleanly separating catalytic turnover from a parallel uncatalyzed pathway. The weak/saturation-type dependence on chloramphenicol identifies oxidant activation (Ru–PMS) as the turnover-limiting step rather than substrate oxidation. Strong hydroxide inhibition and a pronounced inverse ionic-strength effect (KCl/NaClO₄) diagnose speciation- and electrostatics-controlled formation of the activated complex, enabling a composite rate law with physical-organic significance. We also determined the thermodynamic functions and Eyring activation parameters for the rate-determining (slow) step, thereby providing an energetic basis for the proposed mechanism. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to characterize the electronic structure and optimized geometry of chloramphenicol and peroxymonosulphate. Novelty: The combined kinetic–thermodynamic analysis and DFT modeling therefore offer a coherent experimental–computational description of the Ru(III)–PMS oxidation pathway in alkaline medium Keywords: Chloramphenicol, Kinetic investigation, Oxidation, Chloramphenicol, peroxymonosulphate, Ruthenium (III), Basic Medium

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