Accurate prediction of air traffic noise is critical for advancing environmentally sustainable operations in high density terminal areas. Conventional noise prediction models often exhibit significant limitations due to discrepancies between actual and nominal flight trajectories. To overcome this challenge, this study introduces a probabilistic framework that integrates real air-traffic-flow data to generate realistic flight trajectory distributions. The proposed methodology extracts key operational features—including trajectory distribution probabilities, and essential trajectory operation features—within a machine learning architecture. Furthermore, we develop a dedicated air traffic noise prediction model for clustered flight paths that explicitly incorporates traffic flow patterns, enabling high-fidelity simulation of noise propagation under actual air traffic operation. The framework is validated using a QAR (Quick Access Recorder) dataset from the terminal area of Changsha Huanghua International Airport. Experimental results demonstrate the model’s high predictive accuracy for both air traffic noise distribution and its influence, coupled with computational efficiency and practical applicability. The findings indicate that the proposed approach successfully addresses the challenge of predicting air traffic noise from divergent, real-world flight trajectories, offering a robust method for supporting noise-abatement strategies and sustainable aviation-planning initiatives.
Tang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.