School-based nutrition programmes have been implemented in various countries to address malnutrition among children. In Mozambique, urban and rural settings present distinct challenges that require tailored approaches. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative assessments through standardised tests for academic performance and qualitative data collection from interviews with parents and teachers regarding food security. There is a significant correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) between the implementation of nutrition programmes and improved test scores in urban areas compared to rural settings. The study highlights the necessity for localized programme design considering both academic outcomes and food security impacts in Mozambican communities. Future research should focus on replicating findings across different geographic regions within Mozambique and involving stakeholders such as schools, parents, and local governments to enhance sustainability. nutrition programmes, academic performance, food security, Mozambique, urban-rural comparison
Mungai et al. (2003) studied this question.