The osteochondral regeneration paradox: why biomimetic scaffolds are biologically superior but injectable systems dominate the clinic

Key Points

• The review aims to identify design targets for osteochondral regeneration using scaffolds and injectables.
• Comparison between biomimetic scaffolds and injectable hydrogels.
• Evaluation of zonal mechanics and load-bearing capabilities of scaffolds.
• Analysis of regulatory and cost challenges associated with scaffolds.
• Scaffolds offer superior zonal mechanics and load-bearing features.
• Injectable hydrogels face fewer regulatory hurdles, allowing for easier clinical translation.