Er–Tm co-doped δ-Bi₂O₃ electrolytes: structural stability and high oxide-ion conductivity for IT-SOFC applications

Key Points

• High oxide-ion conductivity of co-doped δ-Bi₂O₃ is critical for IT-SOFC applications, enhancing energy conversion efficiency.
• Structural stability is maintained across a range of temperatures, ensuring reliability and performance in energy systems.
• Analysis focused on co-doping effects with Erbium and Thulium, demonstrating significant improvements over traditional electrolytes.
• Findings support the development of more efficient solid oxide fuel cells, indicating promising energy solutions.