Assessing organic substitution thresholds in smallholder farms: Results from a 34-year experiment on crop—livestock integration systems

Key Points

• Results show clear sustainability thresholds for organic substitution in crop-livestock integration systems.
• Key metric indicates a 34-year experiment demonstrating effective practices for smallholder farms.
• Assessment focused on agricultural systems, utilizing data from a long-term field study to analyze practices.
• Findings suggest enhancing organic practices could improve sustainability in smallholder farming communities.