The nonlinear association between high-speed rail expansion and carbon emissions in China: an empirical analysis from theoretical-driven model to data-driven approach

Key Points

• Carbon emissions are significantly affected by high-speed rail expansion in China, showing a nonlinear trend.
• A key metric revealed a complex relationship, with varying impacts observed across different regions.
• Observational analysis employing both theoretical and data-driven approaches to understand emissions dynamics.
• Findings emphasize the need for policy adjustments to manage the environmental impact of rail infrastructure expansion.