Rhizofiltration of Cadmium and Lead by Hairy Root Cultures of Brassica juncea L. and the Influence of the Metals on Antioxidative Enzymes

Key Points

• Hairy root cultures of Brassica juncea effectively absorb cadmium and lead, suggesting their applicability in bioremediation.
• Lead exposure increases antioxidative enzyme activity, which may help protect the plant from metal stress.
• Rhizofiltration techniques can be a sustainable approach to managing heavy metal contamination in soil and water.
• Understanding how metals affect antioxidative enzymes could enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation efforts.