Sustainable bio-cementation based on calcium lignosulfonate-assisted enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation: synergistic mechanism for road loess slope stabilization under rainfall

Key Points

• Slope stabilization is enhanced using calcium lignosulfonate for bio-cementation, promoting durability under rainfall.
• Field tests show a significant reduction in soil erosion rates of up to 30% after treatment.
• The approach utilizes enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation to create a stronger soil matrix, optimizing stability.
• Findings may lead to sustainable practices in civil engineering for climate-resilient infrastructure.