Biological pathways of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A critical review of cellular and molecular toxicity mechanisms

Key Points

• PFAS exposure leads to diverse toxicity effects through multiple biological pathways involving cellular mechanisms.
• Key findings indicate that PFAS can disrupt normal cellular functions, impacting health beyond the intended targets.
• The review employs a comprehensive analysis of existing literature on the molecular mechanisms of PFAS toxicity.
• Understanding these pathways may highlight the need for regulatory changes and further research on chemical exposure risks.