A multi-resolution two-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for modeling breaking bow waves

Key Points

• Breaking bow waves were effectively modeled using a multi-resolution approach, improving predictive performance.
• The method uses a two-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics technique that enhances fluid behavior representation.
• This observational analysis leverages advanced computational fluid dynamics methods to track particle interactions in real-time.
• The findings support better modeling of complex wave behaviors, with implications for naval architecture and safety.