Spatial heterogeneity of soil functions in the gully vicinity within a watershed: coupling effects of landscape characteristics and ridge practices

Key Points

• Soil functions show significant spatial heterogeneity linked to landscape characteristics and ridge practices.
• Key evidence includes variations in soil health metrics across different ridge practices observed within the watershed.
• Observational analysis focuses on gully vicinity effects on soil functions within a watershed environment.
• Findings highlight the need for targeted watershed management approaches based on spatial soil function variations.