Exosome-based strategies and immunotherapy for skin cancer: mechanisms, challenges, and future directions

Key Points

• Exosome-based strategies enhance immune response against skin cancer, indicating their potential as effective treatments.
• The tumor microenvironment poses significant challenges to immunotherapy effectiveness, impacting therapeutic outcomes.
• Assessment of mechanisms reveals how exosomes facilitate drug delivery and modulate immune responses.
• Future directions highlight the need for improving biomarkers for better patient stratification and effective therapies.