For geotechnical structures with a strict control requirement of deformation, the high modulus and non-linear attenuation characteristics of the surrounding soil under small-strain conditions cannot be ignored during performance evaluation; the HSS constitutive model offers significant advantages over conventional approaches (e.g., Mohr–Coulomb) to describe the above soil behaviors. In this study, the theoretical framework of the HSS model, i.e., the yield function, hardening laws, and flow rule, is first elucidated. Subsequently, it is numerically implemented into the finite element software FssiCAS. The reliability of the FssiCAS software (Version 3.5) incorporating the HSS model is validated through a triaxial test and a physical test involving the horizontal loading of the monopile. Finally, taking the four-monopile jacket foundation of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) in Lianjiang County, China, as a representative, the HSS model is adopted to describe the mechanical behaviors of a seabed foundation. The horizontal bearing characteristics of the jacket foundation–seabed system under multi-angle horizontal loading are investigated, and the influence of the horizontal loading angle on the horizontal bearing capacity, jacket displacement, and seabed deformation is quantitatively elucidated. The results indicate that (1) the horizontal bearing capacity of the jacket is minimal when horizontal loading is along the diagonal of the four piles, representing the most severe loading case, and therefore, the horizontal bearing capacity of the jacket foundation–seabed system should be evaluated based on this case; and (2) the FE software FssiCAS has good reliability when dealing with pile–soil interaction problems involving complex geometries and complex mechanical behaviors of seabed soils. This study could provide technical support and an analysis platform for the design of jacket foundations for complex marine structures, such as OWTs.
Ye et al. (Sun,) studied this question.