Public health surveillance systems are critical for monitoring infectious diseases in Nigeria. However, their reliability is often questioned due to inconsistent data collection and reporting. A randomized field trial was conducted with 100 healthcare facilities across Nigeria. Data on disease incidence rates were collected over six months using standardised protocols. System reliability was assessed by comparing reported data against actual incidence rates. The analysis revealed that system reliability varied significantly between regions, with a proportion of 75% of facilities meeting the defined accuracy threshold for reporting infectious diseases within one week of onset. While overall system performance is suboptimal, targeted interventions can be implemented to improve data quality and timeliness in underserved areas. Health authorities should prioritise training programmes for healthcare workers to ensure consistent data collection practices. Additionally, regular audits and feedback mechanisms are recommended to maintain high standards of surveillance system reliability. Public Health Surveillance, Nigeria, Reliability Assessment, Randomized Field Trial Treatment effect was estimated with logit (pᵢ) =₀+^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Nyesom et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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