Low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy system considering multi-agent green certificate-carbon trading bidirectional interaction and cost allocation

To address the issues of carbon trading cost allocation and emission reduction incentives in integrated energy system, a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy considering multi-agent green certificate-carbon trading bidirectional interaction and cost allocation is proposed. First, by introducing green certificate trading and a tiered carbon emission trading mechanism, a bidirectional interaction model for green certificates and carbon quotas is constructed, and the low-carbon value of electricity-heat-hydrogen hybrid energy storage is quantified. Second, a multi-agent carbon trading cost allocation model is designed, and a leader-follower game model is established with energy marketer as the leader and energy supplier and load aggregator as followers. Dynamic time-of-use carbon pricing is used to guide the optimization of equipment output and energy consumption strategies. On this basis, a triple incentive strategy based on electricity price incentives, green certificate revenue, and carbon trading compensation is proposed to enhance the economic feasibility of electricity-heat-hydrogen hybrid energy storage. Additionally, a lifespan degradation model is established to more accurately evaluate its long-term operational costs.Research findings indicate that adopting a dual-interaction mechanism combining green certificates and tiered carbon trading reduced the comprehensive operating costs of IES by 1.72% and lowered carbon emissions by 0.53%. The triple incentive strategy increased the operational revenue of the electricity-heat-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system by 76.16%, while improving the utilization rates of wind and solar power generation by 1.26% and 2.6%, respectively. The multi-party carbon trading cost-sharing mechanism boosted the system's overall total revenue by 3.71%, reduced total costs by 11.97%, lowered carbon trading costs by 21.06%, and decreased total carbon emissions by 19%. • A novel GCT–CET bidirectional mechanism quantifies the low-carbon value of electricity-heat-hydrogen hybrid energy storage. • Master–slave game with dynamic TOU carbon pricing guides energy dispatch and allocates multi-agent carbon trading costs. • Electricity price, GCT, and CET incentives drive hybrid storage to improve renewable integration and peak-valley regulation. • The strategy cuts system carbon emissions by 19% and lowers operational costs by 11.97% versus conventional methods. • A lifetime degradation model for electrolyzers and batteries enables more accurate long-term system cost assessment.