360° to the Petrous Apex: Comprehensive Surgical Anatomy and Limitations of Open and Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Petrous Apex

Key Points

• This research aims to provide detailed insights into the surgical anatomy of the petrous apex.
• Illustrative anatomical dissections
• Representative case studies
• Overview of surgical anatomy of the petrous apex
• Identification of limitations of endoscopic endonasal approaches