Blockchain Technology in Mineral Extraction Supply Chains: An Analysis of DRC Contextual Challenges and Opportunities

Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing transparency in supply chains, particularly in contexts where traditional methods are insufficient due to issues such as corruption and lack of trust. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of blockchain transaction data with qualitative interviews to understand contextual factors affecting implementation and effectiveness. Blockchain technology demonstrated a significant reduction in intermediary costs by up to 20%, although full transparency could only be achieved in 65% of transactions analysed. Despite initial skepticism, blockchain showed potential for enhancing accountability in mineral extraction, though interoperability remains a critical challenge. Developing standardised protocols and fostering collaboration between tech developers, regulators, and local communities will be essential for widespread adoption. Blockchain Technology, Mineral Extraction, Supply Chain Transparency, DRC, Regulatory Compliance Model estimation used =argmin_ᵢ (yᵢ, f_ (xᵢ) ) +₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.